The war started by Russia triggered a tsunami that dramatically impacted the global economy, geopolitics and food security. Due to the extremely dire humanitarian situation, the war's impact on the environment has remained largely unnoticed. However, due to the intense combat, it will be dramatic and lead to very serious consequences.
The war is already affecting territories outside of Ukraine (explosions in Russian and Moldovan territory). The purpose of the document is to highlight the potential impact of the conflict on ecosystems and their services. Although the war is still ongoing, there is evidence of severe air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the intense fighting that has already taken place. Military operations also took place near the Zaporizhzhia NPP (the largest in Europe) and the Chernobyl NPP, increasing fears of radiation leaks.
Global biodiversity is being sharply affected by intensive deforestation and habitat destruction, which can impact wildlife. Bombardment and the digging of trenches and tunnels are likely to have a negative impact on soil degradation and landscape morphology. This is particularly important as Ukraine has some of the most fertile soil in the world (Ukrainian chernozem), which influences food production. The destruction of infrastructure and the transport of pollutants into water supplies will likely affect water availability and quality. Significant damage to ecosystem services is likely, as deforestation will reduce the ability of ecosystems to regulate air pollution or the climate. Soil degradation will hinder food production, and the destruction of landscape aesthetics, cultural heritage and social cohesion will sharply affect cultural services.
Finally, the impact of the war on human health is already immense. However, it may become even greater due to high levels of pollution and the deterioration of sanitary conditions. The war is still ongoing, and there is understandable uncertainty regarding its overall (ultimate) impact. Nevertheless, we can expect a highly dramatic impact on the environment as a whole.
