Latvia's geological structure is quite well researched, and these findings can clearly indicate where to look for oil, coal, and iron ore, as it is known in which period of the Earth's development specific ancient animals, plants, and bacteria existed and where the corresponding mineral resources were formed.

“Geological research, including palaeontology, to a certain extent allows us to forecast the possible development of events on our planet in the future, which is also used by climatologists. Over the last 500 million years, there have been five major mass extinctions on Earth. These did not always happen because of the cold, as the drop in air temperatures occurred gradually, allowing many species to adapt. Much greater harm has been caused by rapid periods of heat, which have drastically altered the Earth's ecosystems,” reveals Professor Ervīns Lukševičs, Head of the Department of Bedrock Geology at the University of Latvia's Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences.