...drivers will use their current vehicles until the very end, because they will not be able to afford more expensive hybrids and electric vehicles.
Furthermore, if limits are truly introduced not only for average, but also for maximum emission values, one can predict a complete shift by car manufacturers towards "smoother" automatic and automated gearboxes, as well as the implementation of adjustments in engine software, so that engines become more economical and, as a result, more sluggish and lethargic.