In a recently published study, researchers at the University of Turku conclude that, while the climate change observed to date is real and tangible, direct human influence on it is not significant. The research group concludes that the idea of man-made and stimulated climate change is a miscalculation or a complex twisting of formulas during various climate discussions.

Meanwhile, Japanese scientists at Kobe University have published research results concluding that an "umbrella effect" is "hidden" behind climate change. Specifically, when cosmic radiation increased 780,000 years ago, the "umbrella effect" increased atmospheric pressure in present-day Siberia, intensifying monsoon rains in East Asia. This is considered to be one piece of evidence for the influence of cosmic radiation on the Earth's climate.